Plants have long been admired for their ability to convert sunlight into food through the process of photosynthesis. However, a recent breakthrough by researchers at the University of Tokyo has shown that animal cells can also harness the power of sunlight to generate energy.
In a groundbreaking study, scientists successfully implanted chloroplasts – the tiny organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants and algae – into hamster cells. These chloroplasts were able to generate energy for at least two days using the photosynthetic electron transport process.
Professor Sachihiro Matsunaga, who led the research team, expressed surprise at the longevity of the chloroplasts within the animal cells. Previous attempts to introduce photosynthetic abilities into animal cells had been met with challenges, as most algal chloroplasts become inactive at temperatures below 37 degrees Celsius.
To overcome this hurdle, the researchers selected chloroplasts from a type of algae called Cyanidioschyzon merolae, which thrives in hot springs with temperatures around 42 degrees Celsius. Despite this preference, the chloroplasts remained active at lower temperatures, making them suitable for implantation into animal cells.
During the experiment, the researchers observed that the implanted chloroplasts continued to produce energy for two days, leading to faster growth of the “planimal” cells compared to regular hamster cells. They also noted that the chloroplasts migrated to surround the cells’ nuclei, potentially engaging in chemical exchanges with mitochondria.
While the chloroplasts eventually degraded after four days, the findings have significant implications for tissue engineering. By incorporating chloroplast-implanted cells into lab-grown tissues, researchers could potentially improve oxygen supply through photosynthesis, enhancing conditions for tissue growth.
Despite the futuristic implications of the research, such as the possibility of humans with solar-powered capabilities, the immediate applications are likely to be in the field of tissue engineering. The study challenges existing assumptions about the boundaries between plant and animal life forms, offering a glimpse into the potential for harnessing solar energy in novel ways.
Overall, this research represents a significant step towards unlocking the solar-powered potential of animal cells, paving the way for innovative applications in the fields of biology and tissue engineering. The intersection of plant biology and animal physiology holds exciting possibilities for future research and technological advancements.
