Individuals can now be identified by sequencing RNA from individual cells, according to a breakthrough study. While an individual’s genome is identifiable, RNA sequences from single cells are like a blurred copy of the genome, with small sequence numbers and noisy data. Despite these challenges, researchers have found that it is possible to link single-cell transcriptomes with known genomes using datasets from studies of autoimmune disorders.
By analyzing RNA from individual cells, researchers can detect expression differences between cell types. This technique has become more affordable, leading to studies with hundreds or thousands of research participants being available online. The study conducted by Columbia University bioinformatics professor Gamze Gürsoy and her lab used statistical relationships between genomic regions and RNA expression to infer an individual’s genome from 1,000 cells from a blood sample. This method could potentially allow individuals to be identified within autoimmune or control groups.
While there is no evidence that anyone could benefit from uncovering a person’s health status in this way, especially given laws against genetic discrimination, Gürsoy emphasizes the importance of protecting participants’ privacy. She suggests implementing more safeguards, such as updates to the informed consent process and better protocols for data encryption.
As the research community delves deeper into the implications of sequencing RNA from individual cells, it is crucial to consider the ethical and privacy concerns that arise. The ability to identify individuals based on their genetic information opens up a new realm of possibilities and challenges that must be carefully navigated to ensure the responsible use of this technology. It is essential to strike a balance between scientific advancement and ethical considerations to uphold the integrity of research practices and protect the rights of individuals involved.