The use of natural fibers in wet wipes and clothing is on the rise, but recent research suggests that these alternatives may have a more harmful impact on the environment compared to synthetic fibers. Viscose and lyocell, derived from wood cellulose, are commonly used in place of polyester, which is made from fossil fuels. While these natural fibers are often marketed as eco-friendly options, their actual environmental impact is still uncertain.
Researchers at Bangor University conducted a study to compare the effects of viscose, lyocell, and polyester on soil and the organisms living in it. Wet wipes, along with microfibers from clothing, often end up in wastewater treatment plants and eventually spread onto soil as fertilizers. The study exposed earthworms to these different fibers in soil and found that those exposed to high levels of viscose had the highest mortality rate, followed by lyocell and polyester.
Interestingly, even at lower concentrations typically found in the environment, earthworms exposed to viscose and lyocell showed reduced reproductive rates compared to those exposed to polyester. The exact reasons for this difference are not clear, but it raises concerns about the potential toxicity of all fibrous materials to earthworms, regardless of their composition.
While bio-based fibers may seem more sustainable during production due to their non-reliance on fossil fuels, their degradation in the environment remains a significant concern. According to Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay from the University of Glasgow, these alternative fibers play a role in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, but it is crucial to understand that they may not be automatically better for the environment once they enter ecosystems.
This research highlights the need for more comprehensive assessments of the environmental impact of different fiber types, especially as the demand for eco-friendly alternatives continues to grow. As consumers, it’s essential to consider not just the origin of the materials but also their long-term effects on the environment. By staying informed and making conscious choices, we can contribute to a more sustainable future for our planet.
